Details of any Medals, conflict, training or operations which the deceased had participated in during service.

James served on the Western Front.

Medals:  James was awarded:

                                                                Victory Medal.                                                      British War Medal.

Other general information. online links, images etc.

James was born in Gosforth Street, Monkwearmouth which is now known as Langeeford Place.

He worked as a River Heater and his younger brother John worked as an apprentice in the same employment.

Here is a link to his brother John who is also in this Memorial Book.

John Arkley

Below are the Census of 1891 , 1901, and 1911 which show James and his family.

1891 census

1901 Census

1911 Census.

Below are various papers showing James's enlistment, His Service records and details of the memorial which commemorates him.

Below are the War Department Commemoration Panel records and record of Death.

Below: The Details of the Menin Gate Memorial.

YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL

Location Information

Ypres (now Ieper) is a town in the Province of West Flanders. The Memorial is situated at the eastern side of the town on the road to Menin (Menen) and Courtrai (Kortrijk).

Each night at 8 pm the traffic is stopped at the Menin Gate while members of the local Fire Brigade sound the Last Post in the roadway under the Memorial's arches.

Visiting Information

Panel Numbers quoted at the end of each entry relate to the panels dedicated to the Regiment with which the casualty served. In some instances, where a casualty is recorded as attached to another Regiment, his name may appear within their Regimental Panels. Please refer to the on-site Memorial Register Introduction. The Addenda Panel lists those service personnel whose details are awaiting addition to the Regimental Panels. All odd panel numbers are on the North side of the road and even numbers are located on the South side of the road. 

Steps on either side of the memorial leading to the rear of the memorial, make wheelchair access to the rear impossible. There is however, a slope at the side of the memorial which gives wheelchair users some access but due to the incline, it may not be possible to ascend/descend unaided.

Please note that every Friday, all wreaths positioned under the Menin Gate will be checked and removed as necessary, with the exception of those placed on the floral tribute the previous evening.

Historical Information

The Menin Gate is one of four memorials to the missing in Belgian Flanders which cover the area known as the Ypres Salient. Broadly speaking, the Salient stretched from Langemarck in the north to the northern edge in Ploegsteert Wood in the south, but it varied in area and shape throughout the war.

The Salient was formed during the First Battle of Ypres in October and November 1914, when a small British Expeditionary Force succeeded in securing the town before the onset of winter, pushing the German forces back to the Passchendaele Ridge. The Second Battle of Ypres began in April 1915 when the Germans released poison gas into the Allied lines north of Ypres. This was the first time gas had been used by either side and the violence of the attack forced an Allied withdrawal and a shortening of the line of defence.

There was little more significant activity on this front until 1917, when in the Third Battle of Ypres an offensive was mounted by Commonwealth forces to divert German attention from a weakened French front further south. The initial attempt in June to dislodge the Germans from the Messines Ridge was a complete success, but the main assault north-eastward, which began at the end of July, quickly became a dogged struggle against determined opposition and the rapidly deteriorating weather. The campaign finally came to a close in November with the capture of Passchendaele.

The German offensive of March 1918 met with some initial success, but was eventually checked and repulsed in a combined effort by the Allies in September. 

The battles of the Ypres Salient claimed many lives on both sides and it quickly became clear that the commemoration of members of the Commonwealth forces with no known grave would have to be divided between several different sites.

The site of the Menin Gate was chosen because of the hundreds of thousands of men who passed through it on their way to the battlefields. It commemorates casualties from the forces of Australia, Canada, India, South Africa and United Kingdom who died in the Salient. In the case of United Kingdom casualties, only those prior 16 August 1917 (with some exceptions). United Kingdom and New Zealand servicemen who died after that date are named on the memorial at Tyne Cot, a site which marks the furthest point reached by Commonwealth forces in Belgium until nearly the end of the war. New Zealand casualties that died prior to 16 August 1917 are commemorated on memorials at Buttes New British Cemetery and Messines Ridge British Cemetery.

The YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL now bears the names of more than 54,000 officers and men whose graves are not known. The memorial, designed by Sir Reginald Blomfield with sculpture by Sir William Reid-Dick, was unveiled by Lord Plumer on 24 July 1927.

20th (Service) Battalion (Wearside)

10.07.1915 Formed at Sunderland by the Mayor and a Committee.
Aug 1915 Moved to Wensley Dale and then to Barnard Castle, County Durham.
Jan 1916 Taken over by the War Office and then moved to Aldershot as part of the 123rd Brigade of the 41st Division.
05.05.1916 Mobilised for war and landed at Havre and engaged in various actions on the Western Front including;
1916
The Battle of Flers-Courcelette, The Battle of the Transloy Ridges. 
1917
The Battle of Messines, The Battle of Pilkem Ridge, The Battle of the Menin Road, Operations on the Flanders coast.
Nov 1917 Deployed to Italy to strengthen the Italian resistance after a recent disaster at the Battle of Caporetto and stationed at Locon Plage.
14.11.1917 Moved to Mantua area.
Mar 1918 Returned to France at Doullens.
17.03.1918 Transferred to the 124th Brigade of the same Division.
1918
The Battle of St Quentin, The Battle of Bapaume, The Battle of Arras, The Battles of the Lys, The Advance in Flanders, The Battle of Ypres, The Battle of Courtrai, The action of Ooteghem. 
11.11.1918 Ended the war west of Nederbrakel, Belgium.

All data is offered in good faith. Should you feel any information is inaccurate or incomplete please contact sunderlandafn@gmail.com